Introduction There are far more eligible kidney transplant candidates worldwide than there are organs available. Kidney exchange, also referred to as paired kidney donation, has become strongly established over the…
Acknowledgments The work from the authors’ own laboratories described in this review was supported by grants from The Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, The Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and…
Small Molecules Leflunomide and Malononitrilamides Leflunomide, initially developed as an agriculture herbicide, was explored as an immunosuppressant because of its ability to inhibit the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The potential of…
A successful long-term outcome for a new kidney transplant recipient depends on the early perioperative management and course after surgery. Important factors affecting long-term outcome include the occurrence of delayed…
Renal transplantation is the preferred treatment for most end-stage renal diseases. Transplantation’s success, however, has been counterbalanced, by its dependence on immunosuppressive drugs with their related infectious, metabolic, and malignant…
Although the improved outcomes over the past 60+ years in kidney transplantation have been related to a number of factors, the effect of immunosuppression has perhaps been the most significant….
Introduction Whereas calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) block early signaling events and cytokine production, both azathioprine and mycophenolates, often termed antiproliferatives, exert effects downstream in the cell cycle, interfering with…
Sirolimus and its closely related analog everolimus are potent immunosuppressive agents that impair lymphocyte activation and proliferation by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mechanistic…
Kidney transplantation is a major surgical procedure that involves both vascular and ureteric anastomoses, and it is usually performed by a dedicated transplant surgeon, although in the past it was…
