Pediatric Renal Transplantation
Pediatric Renal Transplantation Gerald C. Mingin Jeffrey A. Stock I. OVERVIEW In children with end stage renal disease (ESRD), renal transplantation represents the current optimal standard of care for renal…
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease Paul R. Brakeman I. DEFINITION Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a persistent reduction in renal function lasting for more than 3 months that results in a variety…
Acute Kidney Injury
Acute Kidney Injury Paul R. Brakeman I. DEFINITION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt reduction in renal function leading to an inability to excrete metabolic wastes and maintain proper…
Urolithiasis in Children: Surgical Management
Urolithiasis in Children: Surgical Management Hubert S. Swana I. INTRODUCTION In the United States the incidence of nephrolithiasis in children is increasing. Studies from several different regions of the United…
Nephrolithiasis in Children: Medical Management
Nephrolithiasis in Children: Medical Management Gregory E. Tasian I. INTRODUCTION Nephrolithiasis (kidney stone disease) is a disorder of mineral metabolism characterized by acute painful presentations that recur for many patients….
Genitourinary Trauma and Priapism
Genitourinary Trauma and Priapism Hubert S. Swana James M. Betts I. INTRODUCTION Trauma is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Five percent of all injured children sustain…
Adolescent Urology: Acute Scrotum, Varicoceles, and Delayed Puberty
Adolescent Urology: Acute Scrotum, Varicoceles, and Delayed Puberty Bruce J. Schlomer I. ACUTE SCROTUM Acute scrotum is defined by clinical presentation involving acute onset of scrotal pain and can include…
Congenital Anomalies: Urachal Anomalies, Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex, Imperforate Anus, Cloaca, and Prune Belly Syndrome
Congenital Anomalies: Urachal Anomalies, Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex, Imperforate Anus, Cloaca, and Prune Belly Syndrome Joseph Borer I. URACHAL ANOMALIES See Figure 16-1. A. Background The urachus is a fibrous band of…
Posterior Urethral Valves
Posterior Urethral Valves Laurence S. Baskin I. INTRODUCTION Posterior urethral valves are the most common congenital cause of bladder outlet obstruction, resulting in a spectrum of damage to the entire…
