Microvillous Inclusion Disease Microvillous inclusion disease (MID) occurs worldwide in infants from varying ethnic backgrounds. The disease may have a familial component as it sometimes occurs in multiple siblings (543)….
Intestinal Goblet Cell Autoantibody-Associated Enteropathy There is a second form of autoimmune enteropathy that is characterized by the presence of circulating antibodies to goblet cells. These can be demonstrated using…
Malabsorption Syndromes Malabsorption results from premucosal, mucosal, and postmucosal diseases (Table 6.26). In premucosal diseases, defective digestion and absorption results from pancreatic or other systemic diseases and reduced bile salt…
Congenital Abnormalities Intestinal Malpositions Intestinal malpositions include disorders of malrotation, malfixation, reversed rotation, incomplete rotations, fixation abnormalities, and situs inversus. Intestinal malrotations or nonrotations (Fig. 6.44) result from disordered or…
Tufting Enteropathy Tufting enteropathy is a chronic watery diarrhea syndrome presenting in the first few months of life. Rarely, the disease develops in older patients. Its etiology is unknown. The…
Lymphocytic and Collagenous Enteritis Lymphocytic duodenitis and enteritis are conditions in which the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes is increased in areas away from the lymphoid follicles. IELs are phenotypically heterogeneous….
Cow’s Milk Intolerance and Related Disorders Adverse reactions to cow’s milk affect approximately 0.1% to 7.5% of children. Infants generally present at 1 week to 3 months of age with…
Radiation Injury The small intestine is more sensitive to radiation injury than is the large intestine. The degree of radiation damage reflects many factors (Table 6.11) (286). Patients who receive…
Histologic Features General Structure Small intestinal epithelium is organized into two morphologic and functionally distinct compartments: The crypts of Lieberkühn and the villi. Villi that are unique to the adult…
Thermal Injury Erosive duodenitis and duodenal ulcers develop in severely burned patients (Fig. 6.126). The inflammatory lesions have an ischemic basis and their pathophysiology resembles that seen in stress ulcers….
