Heart Disease and the Liver
Liver injury due to acute and chronic heart failure has long been recognized. This article discusses the concepts of acute cardiogenic liver injury (ACLI) and cardiac or congestive hepatopathy (CH)…
Hepatitis E Virus and the Liver
Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide, now increasingly recognized also in nonendemic regions. Clinical manifestation of hepatitis E includes mostly asymptomatic/subclinical presentations…
Hepatic Progenitor Cells
Liver regeneration is a fascinating and complex process with many medical implications. An important component of this regenerative process is the hepatic progenitor cell (HPC). These appealing cells are able…
Morphologic Subtypes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinomas can be further divided into distinct subtypes that provide important clinical information and biological insights. These subtypes are distinct from growth patterns and are on based on morphologic…
Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndromes and Liver Pathology
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may have an atypical serum alkaline phosphatase elevation, antimitochondrial antibodies, histologic features of bile duct injury/loss, or cholangiographic findings of focal biliary strictures and dilations. These manifestations…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, Antiretroviral Therapy, and Liver Pathology
The improvement in antiretroviral therapy has significantly impacted the lives of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In high-income countries, HIV deaths are predominated by liver disease consequent to…
Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can be difficult to distinguish from its mimics, including metastatic tumor, benign hepatocellular lesion, and high-grade dysplastic nodule, especially when limited biopsy material is available. Hence, the…
Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Liver Transplant
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in liver transplants is a field in its infancy compared with its allograft cohorts of the kidney and lung. Acute AMR is diagnosed based on specific clinical…
Drug-induced Liver Injury
The evaluation of liver biopsies in suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI) can be complex. The biopsy may be approached systematically, by identification of histologic lesions and then identification of the…
Hepatocellular Adenomas
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are rare benign tumors. This single entity has been split into 3 subtypes corresponding to specific mutations: HNF1α-inactivated HCA; inflammatory HCA related to different mutations, all leading…
