Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of stool from a healthy donor into the colon of a patient whose disease is a result of an altered microbiome, with the…
Gut Microbiota and Complications of Liver Disease
Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and its complications are epidemic worldwide. Most complications are mediated through a dysfunctional gut-liver axis. New techniques have made culture-independent analysis of the gut microbiome widespread….
The Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Genes, bacteria, and immunity contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Most genetic risk relates to defective sensing of microbes and their metabolites or defective regulation of the host…
The Esophageal and Gastric Microbiome in Health and Disease
The esophagus and stomach are host to their own population of bacteria, which differs in health and disease. Helicobacter pylori uniquely colonizes only gastric mucosa, but an increasing number of…
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Other Intestinal Disorders
Gut microbiota is the largest organ of the human body. Although growth of bacteria more than 10 5 colony forming unit (CFU) per milliliter in culture of upper gut aspirate…
The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease
Gut microbes are capable of producing most neurotransmitters found in the human brain. Evidence is accumulating to support the view that gut microbes influence central neurochemistry and behavior. Irritable bowel…
The Gut Microbiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Other Functional Bowel Disorders
Emerging data from epidemiologic, microbiome, and physiology research in patients with functional bowel disorders (FBDs) provide evidence for a linkage between alterations in the intestinal microbiota and FBDs. However, currently…
Biology of the Microbiome 2
The human microbiome is a new frontier in biology and one that is helping to define what it is to be human. Recently, we have begun to understand that the…
Impact of Antibiotics on Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea
Antibiotic treatment alters the composition and metabolic function of the intestinal microbiota. These alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Recent studies are…
Diet and the Microbiome
The gut microbiota provides a range of ecologic, metabolic, and immunomodulatory functions relevant to health and well-being. The gut microbiota not only responds quickly to changes in diet, but this…
