Chronic Anal Fissure
Introduction An anal fissure is a linear tear in the lining of the anal canal that usually becomes symptomatic because it exposes the internal anal sphincter and causes painful spasms…
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are vascular cushions that lie close to the anus and are subject to the stresses and strains of defecation. They are normal structures that become symptomatic when thrombosis or…
Anal Fistula
Introduction An anal fistula is an abnormal communication between the inside of the anus and epithelium outside the anus. The most common anal fistula is an anocutaneous fistula, which is…
Anorectal Abscess
Abscesses in the anorectal region occur in all age groups and are a common, distressing problem. Predisposing factors include diabetes, Crohn disease, previous perianal surgery, and impairment of immunity, including…
Rectovaginal Fistula
Definition Any communication between the rectum/anus and the vagina/perineal skin is classically referred to as a rectovaginal fistula (RVF). RVF is an accepted term for any fistula that originates in…
