Countries IH-CCA cases/100,000 EH-CCA cases/100,000 Thai regions 1.05–51.45 0.15–0.3 Chinese regions 0.2–7.45 0–1.4 Korean regions 3.95–4.55 3.15–4.2 Taiwan 4.1 0.6 Japanese regions 1.25–1.3 1.8–2.1 Singapore 1.1 0.35 Philippines 1.1 0.1…
Cirrhosis with ascites Serum creatinine > 133 µmol/L (1.5 mg/dl) No improvement of serum creatinine (decrease to a level of ≤133 µmol/L) after at least 2 days with diuretic withdrawal and volume…
Fig. 31.1 The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on densitometric criteria (a). Severe osteoporosis is diagnosed when besides the densitometric criteria there are one or more fragility fractures (b) This…
Fig. 14.1 Proposed pathogenesis of hypervolemic hyponatremia in cirrhosis. Portal hypertension causes splanchnic vasodilatation with subsequent activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and a nonosmotic…
Fig. 22.1 Age-adjusted incidence of liver cancer worldwide, by geographical distribution. (Adapted with permission from GLOBOCAN 2012 [1]) Table 22.1 Estimated incidence and mortality of the most common cancers worldwide…
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (normal 9–18 mmHg) Pulmonary vascular resistance (normal < 2 Wood units) Cardiac output (normal 4.0–8.0 L/min) Pulmonary artery wedge pressure (normal 6–12 mmHg) Vasoconstriction with vasoproliferation (POPH) Elevated…
Physiologic abnormality Diagnostic criteria Impaired gas exchange Arterial blood gas sampling while breathing ambient air with: PaO2 < 80 mm Hg or Alveolar–arterial oxygen gradient ≥ 15 mmHg if age <65 years,…
Device Bioreactor detail Additional treatments Cell type Cell-matrix attachment Configuration HepatAssist BAL Porcine hepatocytes Microcarrier attached Hollow fibre cartridge/chamber Plasmapheresis and adsorption AMC–BAL (Academic medical centre–bio artificial liver) Porcine hepatocytes…
GAVE PHG Portal hypertension (PHTN) PHTN is not necessary for the development of GAVE [6, 7] 70 % of patients with PHTN develop PHG [1], degree of PHTN correlates…
Fig. 33.1 Many patients with cirrhosis fail to receive evidence-based treatments [3–6]. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, SBP spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Abx antibiotics Measuring Quality Another key feature of the QI definition…
