Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Medical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Drug class Method of administration, dosage Side effects Surveillance Corticosteroids Oral: prednisone or prednisolone 40 mg/day to 0.8–1 mg/kg/day (single dose) Intravenous: methylprednisolone 0.8–1 mg/kg/day Oral with ileocecal delivery: budesonide…

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Constipation

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Constipation

Primary (idiopathic) constipation  Simple constipation Factors include exercise, dietary fiber intake, hydration  Chronic constipation Delayed colonic transit and/or pelvic floor dysfunction Constipation predominant irritable bowel syndrome Idiopathic megacolon or megarectum…

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Perioperative Management

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Perioperative Management

Fig. 36.1 Surgical stress response depends on perioperative care The metabolic stress response varies widely. It seems to be commensurate with the extent and the type of the surgical procedure…

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Rectal Cancer

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Rectal Cancer

Fig. 26.1 Plane of excision in total mesorectal excision 26.2.2 Radiotherapy Around the time the TME technique was introduced, several randomized trials explored the effect of radiotherapy (RT) on local…

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Defecation Disorders

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Defecation Disorders

Diagnostic criteria for functional constipation  1. Must include two or more of the following:   (a) Straining during at least 25 % of defecations   (b) Lumpy or hard stools in at…

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Genetics

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Genetics

  Points 1 2 3 Number of polyps 1–4 5–20 >20 Polyp size (mm) 1–4 5–10 >10 Histology Tubulous Tubulovillous Villous Degree of dysplasia Mild Moderate Severe Stage 0: 0…

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Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer

Fig. 27.1 Schematic representation of squamous intraepithelial lesions (From The PRN Notebook vol. 10, no. 4, December 2005 (available at www.​prn.​org; reprinted without permission). Koilocytes are a typical representation of…

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Principles of Tumor Classification

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Principles of Tumor Classification

Premalignant Epithelial tumors Adenomas Tubular Tubulovillous Villous Low-grade dysplasia High-grade dysplasia Serrated lesions Hyperplastic polyp Sessile serrated lesion/polyp/adenoma Traditional serrated adenoma Sessile serrated adenoma with conventional dysplasia Hamartomas Cowden-associated polyp…

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Pilonidal Disease

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Pilonidal Disease

Fig. 8.1 Uncomplicated pilonidal sinus disease with multiple midline pits Work by Karydakis [3] with 6,000 patients suggests that loose hairs “impale” normal tissue inducing, a foreign body reaction. He…

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Hemorrhoids

Oct 30, 2017 by in ABDOMINAL MEDICINE Comments Off on Hemorrhoids

Fig. 4.1 Anatomic description of the anorectal junction. The rectum specimen is cut longitudinally Several anatomic investigations have demonstrated the existence of arteriovenous communications between the terminal branches of the…

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