Anticoagulation for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
score 2 points 1 point zero Thrombocytopenia ×10 9 l 20–100 or Fall > 50 % 10 – 19 or Fall 30–50 % <10 or Fall <30 % Timing of onset in…
Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers
Provision of information above and beyond serum creatinine and/or urine output Non-invasive test using easily accessible samples Results rapidly available Specific cut-off values to distinguish between normal and abnormal renal…
Kidney-Organ Interaction
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) A complex pathophysiological disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ…
Dose of Renal Replacement Therapy in AKI
© Springer International Publishing 2015Heleen M. Oudemans-van Straaten, Lui G. Forni, A.B. Johan Groeneveld, Sean M. Bagshaw and Michael Joannidis (eds.)Acute Nephrology for the Critical Care Physician10.1007/978-3-319-17389-4_13 13. Dose of Renal Replacement Therapy in AKI Catherine S. C. Bouman1 , Marlies Ostermann2 , Michael Joannidis3 …
Classical Biochemical Work Up of the Patient with Suspected AKI
(8.1) Where [Creat]P is the plasma concentration of creatinine (in μmol/ml) and G the creatinine generation rate in μmol/min. Thus at steady state a lower GFR will be associated with…
Prevention of AKI and Protection of the Kidney
Patient factors Advanced Age Female Black Race Pre-existing co-morbidities Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Liver Disease Respiratory Disease Heart Failure Diabetes: Especially with proteinuria Cancer Current susceptibilities Volume Depletion Dehydration Hypoalbuminemia…
Epidemiology of AKI
Fig. 2.1 Proportion of patients (%) with different acute kidney injury (AKI) stages, according to the recent new classifications (RIFLE/AKI/KDIGO) Plausible explanations for differences in reported incidences between studies are…
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury
Fig. 4.1 An overview of the systems affecting renal blood flow and metabolism in sepsis The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is activated during sepsis and hypotension. Renin release is stimulated by…
Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnancy
Fig. 7.1 Summary of renal hemodynamic and metabolic adaptations to normal human pregnancy (RPF renal plasma flow, ADH antidiuretic hormone) (From Odutayo et al. [10]) 7.4 Laboratory Testing Laboratory testing…
Renal Outcomes After Acute Kidney Injury
Fig. 3.1 Common pathogenesis of CKD after AKI. Initial loss of nephrons and interstitial scarring leads to hyperfiltration and proteinuria. Hyperfiltration may maintain total GFR, but at the expense of…
