Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors
Transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (TURBT) is indicated after diagnosis of a new or recurrent lesion in the bladder that is suspicious for malignancy and requires tissue confirmation of…
UROLOGY
Robotic, Laparoscopic, and Open Approaches to the Adrenal Gland (Benign)
The majority of adrenalectomies are currently performed using robotic and laparoscopic approaches. Surgery for the adrenal gland truly reaps the benefits of minimally invasive techniques because of location and anatomy….
Ureteroscopic Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has traditionally been managed by complete surgical resection (radical nephroureterectomy) without immediate concern for renal preservation. Increasing data support the role of nephron-sparing approaches, including…
Ureteroneocystostomy
The treatment options for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) include medical management, endoscopic submucosal injection of a bioimplant, and ureteroneocystostomy. In children, ureteroneocystostomy is primarily used, for the treatment of VUR or…
Ureteroscopic Endopyelotomy and Endoureterotomy
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is defined as functional or anatomic obstruction of urine flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter. UPJO may be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic anatomic…
Ureteroscopic Instrumentation
Ureteroscopy (URS) is one of the most commonly performed procedures today and has become the standard of care in treating many upper urinary tract diseases. Urologists need a thorough understanding…
Ureterolithotomy
Indications for ureterolithotomy are rare in the modern era of endourology. Current indications include stones with a low likelihood of treatment success using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, or…
Endoscopic Incision of Ureteroceles
Preoperative Preparation and Planning Most clinically significant cases of ureteroceles are associated with duplex systems. There are different schools of thought as to what the best form of definitive surgical…
Ureteroscopic Management of Ureteral Calculi
The introduction of flexible ureteroscopes and smaller semirigid ureteroscopes along with the continued miniaturization of both has revolutionized the endoscopic management of ureteral calculi. The addition of new technology to…
Ureteral Stricture Repair and Ureterolysis
Ureteral strictures may arise from multiple etiologies, including trauma, surgery, infections, and malignancy. An accurate diagnosis is imperative so that the etiology, location, length, and possible involvement of surrounding structures…
