Microsurgical Varicocelectomy MARC GOLDSTEIN Varicocele is by far the most commonly performed operation for the treatment of male infertility. Varicocele is found in approximately 15% of the general population, 35%…

Vasectomy DOUGLAS G. STEIN As the most dependable method of contraception and one that requires virtually no compliance, vasectomy is an ideal choice for those men who have made a…

Anatomy of the Epididymis, Vas Deferens, and Seminal Vesicle AKANKSHA MEHTA It is well known that spermatogenesis, the development of germ cells into structurally mature sperm, occurs in the seminiferous…

Seminal Vesicle and Ejaculatory Duct Surgery BROOKE A. HARNISCH JAY I. SANDLOW SEMINAL VESICLE SURGERY The seminal vesicles are paired male organs with no female homologue. They develop as a…

Sacral Neuromodulation CHRISTOPHER F. TENGGARDJAJA SANDIP VASAVADA Overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms are projected to affect 34 million people in the United States, with a projected national cost of $76 billion…

The Male Sling for Postprostatectomy Incontinence: Current Concepts and Controversies YING H. JURA CRAIG V. COMITER PREVALENCE OF POSTPROSTATECTOMY INCONTINENCE The most common cause of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in…

The Artificial Urinary Sphincter ANGELO E. GOUSSE HARI S. G. R. TUNUGUNTLA NEAL PATEL IZAK FAIENA INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Normal lower urinary tract function is critical in maintaining urinary continence…

Urethral Slings ALEX GOMELSKY A form of “sling surgery” to treat female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has existed for over a century. Despite the sequential implementation of various autologous tissues,…

Abdominal Retropubic Approaches for Female Incontinence LESLIE M. RICKEY Urinary incontinence (UI) is common, with approximately 30% of women reporting any incontinence; about 25% to 50% of these cases are…