Fig. 3.1 Initial assessment of non-neurogenic patients with OAB: the minimum requirements for this diagnosis is history, physical examination, and urinalysis. American Urological Association (AUA) Guideline. Statement 1 In female…

Fig. 10.1 Differences between female and male urethral sphincter mechanisms Physiology and Function Sensory innervation of the bladder is conveyed to the spinal cord in the pelvic and hypogastric nerves….

Fig. 8.1 Abdominal skin of a woman in uroseptic shock showing areas of bleeding and ceased microcirculation as a sign of physiological chaos with counteracting host reactions (Courtesy of F….

Fig. 1.1 Guinea pig urothelium stained for SNAP23 (green) and nuclei (Blue). Umbrella cells are strongly labeled. Lamina propria can be seen in faint green (background) (Avelino et al. 2015)…

and Julian Shah5   (1) University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (2) Tenon Hospital, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-EST, Assistance publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Paris, France (3) Department…

Symptoms Storage versus voiding versus post-micturition Duration Severity: i.e. incontinence episodes Degree of bother Which symptom is most bothersome Any treatment previously trialled Impact on quality of life Any precipitating…

Fig. 13.1 Physiology of voiding Ultimately, in order to properly empty, the bladder needs to generate a contraction strong enough to overcome the resistance of the outlet. Problems with this…

  LE Erection is a neuro-vasculo-tissular phenomenon under hormonal control. 2b ED is common worldwide. 2b ED shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease. 2b Lifestyle modification (intensive exercise and decrease…

Fig. 11.1 J-shaped incision for small fistula. The tip of the J should encompass the fistula. Flaps can be used to cover the fistula suture line Inverted Y Incision This…