Fig. 8.1 Schematic of the perineal muscles (With kind permission from Springer Science + Business Media: Thakar and Fenner [12], p. 1–12) Obstetric anal sphincter injury involves the muscles of the anal…

Fig. 1.1 Superficial perineal compartment (superficial transverse perineal muscles (a), vestibular and Bartholin’s gland after left bulbospongiosus muscle removal (b) (With kind permission from Springer Science + Business Media: Thakar and Fenner…

Fig. 4.1 (a) POP-Q points after Bump RC et al. [13]. (b) All patients in the nonpregnant group had a POP-Q stage of 0 or 1 (c) 47.6 % of…

Fig. 7.1 Pelvic floor dysfunction in women with or without vaginal delivery (Reprinted from Patel et al. [4], Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier) Vaginal delivery increases the incidence of…

Fig. 14.1 Magnetic resonance imaging findings of levator musculator (LM) at the level of the proximal urethra. (a) Control subject, intact LM on both sides. LM subjectively thinner on the…

Fig. 12.1 EAUS of postpartum EAS lesion On the other hand, many patients with significant defect at ultrasound may be clinically asymptomatic. Afro-Caribbean women have a lower incidence of severe…

Fig. 6.1 Number of published articles per year (1921–2013) searching for the keyword episiotomy in the PubMed database [8] Definition, Classification, Types of Episiotomy Episiotomy is a surgical enlargement of…

Fig. 16.1 Graph of the effect of vaginal parity on the development of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (Reprinted from Lavy et al. [129]; with kind permission from Springer…

1. Postpartum voiding difficulty and urinary retention (PPUR).  Overt urinary retention  Covert urinary retention 2. Postpartum urinary incontinence (PPUI).  Stress urinary incontinence (SUI)  Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI)  Mixed urinary incontinence…