Fig. 13.1 Left humerus radiograph demonstrates a lytic osseous lesion with expansion consistent with a metastatic renal cell carcinoma lesion Retrograde pyelography was first described by Friedrich Voelcker and Alexander…

Fig. 11.1 (a) Light gas gun. (b) Scheme of lithotripsy. (c) Target and destructed kidney stone In 1971 at the symposium of the German Physical Society, the first results were…

Fig. 16.1 Placement of three to four fiber-optic temperature probes (Lumasense, Santa Clara, CA) are placed at the peripheral and deep margins 5 mm from the tumor-parenchymal interface. This allows…

Fig. 22.1 (a, b) Principle of HIFU for prostate treatment: Prostate treatment is performed by the repetition and juxtaposition of several elementary lesions HIFU in Animal Models In 1989 a…

Fig. 20.1 Humanoid automaton , designed by Leonardo da Vinci, it is believed to be able to perform several human-like motions However the word robot wasn’t coined until 1923 by…

Fig. 7.1 Steps required to pull a Gibbons stent into the ureter Shortly after we treated this patient, we had another whose kidney was obstructed by a ureteroileal stone. Once…

Year Individual Innovation 1806 P. Bozzini Lichtleiter 1853 A. J. Desormeaux First endoscopic operation—extraction of urethral papilloma 1873 G. Trouve Polyscope—electroendoscopy 1876 D. Rutenberg Blasenspiegel—air cystoscopy 1877 M. Nitze Cystoscope…

Fig. 4.1 Stones could be broken ureteroscopically using the tactile technique. The stone was visualized, grasped in a basket and pulled to the tip of the ureteroscope. The ultrasound probe…

Fig. 25.1 Neo-urethra implantation and clinical outcome. (a) A cell-seeded graft sutured to the normal urethral margins from the first patient. (b) Voiding cystourethrograms of all five patients before surgery…

Fig. 14.1 (a) Ancient Scythian with metastatic prostate cancer to bone. (b) Marie Curie visiting New York City. (c) The Proton Accelerator at M.D. Anderson’s Cancer Center Prostate cancer is…