Etiology Prevalence (%) Adrenal cortical tumors Benign non functional adenoma 70–84 Subclinical Cushing syndrome 1–29 “Aldosteronoma” 1–3 Adrenocortical Carcinoma (ACC) 1–10 Adrenal medullary tumors Pheochromocytoma 1.5–10 Ganglioneuroma <1…
Figure 60.1 Insertion of Veress needle with 45° angulation through the umbilicus Tip: In obese patients, the introduction angle of the Veress must be changed from 45 to 90°; this…
Figure 35.1 Laboratory testing is achieved by a combination of outpatient laboratory serum and urine studies. Comprehensive metabolic analysis requires at-home urine collections 2. High quality imaging capabilities with…
Figure 64.1 Schematic axial view of prostatic fascial anatomy NVB Dissection The dissection plane will be guided by preoperative data: percentage of total number and length of positive core, data…
Figure 30.1 Gentle traction applied to the tissue strips (colored in blue) that are hooked around each kidney pole may be helpful while incising the renal parenchyma and working through…
Figure 55.1 Patients should be protected from robotic arms and other injuries Figure 55.2 35–45° Trendelenburg position is given to patient Pressure-Controlled Ventilation and Positive end expiration pressure [PEEP (5…
Figure 73.1 (a) The trocar placement for the performance of retroperitoneal partial nephrectomy. This is a left sided procedure. The iliac spine and coastal margin are marked. The camera trocar…
Figure 48.1 Manifold settings for pulsed lasers at the same power Prostates Various lasers are used for the treatment of benign prostate enlargement (BPE). This is an interesting development, because…
Figure 16.1 Subinguinal varicocelectomy: ilioinguinal nerve must be identified at the level of external inguinal ring where it exits from the inguinal canal. It should be dissected gently and should…
Figure 66.1 Wide excision of neurovascular bundle at the level of apex – In case of cT3 PCa, we perform wide excision of neurovascular bundles at level of apex especially…
