Peritonitis and Exit-Site Infection
Fig. 16.1 Purulent dialysate (Courtesy Yong-Lim Kim, Korea) PD patients presenting with cloudy effluent is presumed to have peritonitis and treated as such until the diagnosis can be confirmed or…
NEPHROLOGY
Modality Selection
In-center HD or home HD PD CHD (mainly in-center) SDHD NHD CAPD APD Location At a hospital/satellite dialysis unit At a hospital/satellite dialysis unit or home At a hospital/satellite…
Preparation and Timing of Dialysis Initiation
Education Preparation for permanent access before initiation of HD KDOQI 2015 GFR <30 (NG) At least 6 months (2006, B) JSDT 2015 GFR 15–30 (1D) At least 1 month (2C) ERBP…
Hemodialysis Procedure and Prescription
Fig. 4.1 Schematic demonstration of hemodialysis prescription 4.1.1 Preparation of Items Arterial and venous blood tubes (or blood tube set). Dialyzer . Two needles (15, 16, or 17 G) for hemodialysis….
Dialysis Indication and Initiation Time for Dialysis
Category Signs and symptoms Fluid accumulation Anasarca, severe low proteinemia, lung congestion Electrolyte disturbance Refractory electrolyte and/or acid-base disturbances Gastrointestinal symptoms Nausea , vomiting, appetite loss, diarrhea, or others Circulatory…
Flux of Dialysis Membrane: Benefit and Risk
Fig. 6.1 Backfiltration, back diffusion of pyrogen, activation of complement, monocyte, neutrophils Traditional cellulose-type membranes are known to have a lower adsorption capacity for pyrogens . On the other hand,…
Direct Bacterial Infection of the Renal Parenchyma: Pyelonephritis in Native Kidneys
(a) Conditions favoring APN and increasing the clinical severity Age >65 years Diabetes Cancer Pregnancy Urinary tract obstruction Urinary tract anatomic/functional abnormalities Immunosuppression Broad antibiotic resistance Neurologic bladder Hospital-acquired infection Urethral catheter,…
Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Fig. 1.1 An enlarged glomerulus shows diffuse endocapillary hypercellularity with numerous neutrophils and closure of all glomerular capillaries. The glomerulus is increased in size and cellularity, H&E, ×200 Fig. 1.2 Acute diffuse…
Infection-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Primary TMA syndromes Hereditary disorders ADAMTS13 deficiency-mediated TMA (also called TTP) Complement-mediated TMA Coagulation-mediated TMA Acquired disorders ADAMTS13 deficiency-mediated TMA (also called TTP) Shiga toxin-mediated TMA (also called ST-HUS) Drug-mediated…
Endocarditis-Associated Glomerulonephritis
Fig. 4.1 Two glomeruli with segmental necrosis and one with a cellular crescent (glomerulus on the left) in a 62-year-old male with crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with mitral valve Streptococcus viridans infective…
