Abstract Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are very complex with regard to disease, comorbidity, number of medications, and dosage regimens. In this chapter we discuss (1) the implications of…

Abstract While living with CKD poses many of the same psychological challenges as many other chronic illnesses, the high treatment burden, chronicity, and unique physiological demands of the illness expose…

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increased risk of CVD begins during the earlier stages of…

Abstract The kidney plays a fundamental role in the metabolism and catabolism of vitamin D. Deficiency of vitamin D, both 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D, is common among adults and…

Abstract Abnormalities in mineral metabolism occur early in the course of chronic kidney disease, even as early as stage 2, and progress as kidney function worsens. The progression of kidney…

Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a general term covering heterogeneous disorders with an overarching definition of having markers of kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This definition…

Abstract Driven by the escalating prevalence of diabetes across the world, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an expanding global epidemic that incurs enormous human and economic cost. DKD is the…

Abstract Although less common in children than in adults, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health problem with the potential for serious long-term consequences. Although similarities are seen between…

Abstract The understanding of hypertensive chronic kidney disease (CKD) has recently been reshaped by the discovery of risk alleles associated with kidney disease. Recent studies have also changed our understanding…