The urinary system, volume homeostasis, osmoregulation, and composition of body fluids are all altered in normal pregnancy. There are also hemodynamic changes involving cardiac output and blood pressure. Knowledge of…
This chapter analyzes the capacity of the transplanted kidney to transport solute and water. The intrinsic capacity of the transplanted kidney to regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR), to exhibit T-G…
Kidney Stones A majority of patients form stones containing calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP). Of these most form predominantly CaOx stones in the absence of systemic disease, so…
This review will trace the general mechanisms of renal cell injury before focusing on selected specific nephrotoxins that demonstrate the key principles of injury. Potentially, all of the cellular events…
The kidneys are among the organs most commonly affected by systemic vasculitis. This chapter reviews the etiology and pathogenesis of forms of vasculitis that most often affect the kidneys. The…
Acute ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). A major conceptual insight is that the total amount of renal injury is the result of…
Determinants of Glomerular Ultrafiltration and How They are Influenced by the Glomerular Arterioles The notion that derangements of glomerular dynamics may exert a deleterious effect and play a role in…
The kidneys play a fundamental role in the regulation of water and electrolyte excretion as well as in the maintenance of acid base balance. Water and electrolyte homeostasis is accomplished…
Renal excretion is an important clearance pathway for many drugs and their metabolites. Impaired renal excretion, either as a result of kidney disease or the effects of co-administered drugs, can…
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) depend on dialysis to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Dialysis allows for solutes to diffuse between blood and dialysate such that, over the course…
