Kidney parenchymal hypertension
1. What is the epidemiology of hypertension? Hypertension remains a common disease among Americans. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reveal that 29% of Americans are hypertensive;…
NEPHROLOGY
Primary hypertension
1. How is hypertension defined and classified? The Eighth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (Joint National Committee 8), published…
Posttransplant infections
1. What type of infections do kidney transplant recipients develop? • Donor-derived infections • Recipient-derived infections • Nosocomial-acquired infections • Community-acquired infections 2. Is there any pattern to infections that…
Primary care of the kidney transplant recipient
1. What are the risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients receiving a kidney transplant? See Table 61.1 . Table 61.1. Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease TRADITIONAL TRANSPLANT RELATED…
Rejection of the kidney transplant
1. How to evaluate acute kidney injury (AKI) in the kidney transplant patient? See Fig. 58.1 . When deciding the baseline kidney function and using the serum creatinine (Scr), the…
Posttransplant malignancies
1. Are transplant recipients at greater risk for the development of malignancies? Yes. The chronic exposure to immunosuppressive agents increases the long-term risk of malignancy by two to threefold compared…
Peritoneal dialysis
Technical aspects of peritoneal dialysis 1. What is peritoneal dialysis (PD), and how does it work? PD is a means of removing waste (such as urea, creatinine, and phosphate), other…
Immunosuppression
1. What is the goal of immunosuppression? The central goal of immunosuppression is to prevent rejection of the renal allograft. The intensity of immunosuppression must be weighed against the undesired…
Donor and recipient evaluation
1. What are the various categories of living-donor transplants? • Related donors: Donor and recipient are biologically related. • Unrelated donors: Donor is not biologically related, but an emotional relationship…
Therapeutic plasma exchange (plasmapheresis)
1. What is the definition of plasmapheresis, and when is it indicated? The term “apheresis” is Greek for “taking away” and refers to a procedure where the therapeutic removal of…
