Introduction Pediatric liver transplantation (LT) has expanded since 1980 because of the broad utilization of segmental grafts including split, living donor, and, occasionally, also reduced grafts. This currently allows achievement…

Introduction Pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) sits at the pinnacle of pediatric surgical endeavors. In the early years, long-term survival rates after PLT were 11% to 39% and, since then, have…

Introduction Although the liver is known to be a somewhat immunotolerant organ, pediatric liver transplantation (LT) would not have reached current success without efficient immunosuppressive drugs. Standard protocols include calcineurin…

Introduction Anesthesia for pediatric liver transplantation is complex, diverse, and challenging. The indications for transplantation and the physiology of children vary from the adult population, making the pediatric service unique….

Introduction Intestinal transplantation (ITx) was first attempted in the 1970s in children with intestinal failure (IF) for whom intravenous nutrition was not available. The early efforts did not meet with…

Liver-Heart Indication Combined heart and liver transplantation (CHLT) is still an evolving procedure, representing only 0.3% of all cardiac transplantation in a Unified Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database study…

Introduction The transplantation of ABO-identical or ABO-nonidentical ABO-compatible grafts has for decades been the mainstay of organ transplantation. As post-transplant survival improves and the demand for organ transplants grows, several…

Introduction From the beginning of clinical transplantation, back in the 1950s, clinicians struggled to reconcile the contradictory interests in living-related donor transplantation. Murray and Merrill contributed to identifying the three…