GASTROENTEROLOGY
Oropharynx and Hypopharynx
Introduction The oropharynx is the gateway to the proximal gastrointestinal tract. Although visualized daily by endoscopists, a thorough examination may not be routine. With the expanding patient base of immunocompromised…
Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Definition and Epidemiology Print Section Listen The classical, most common form of alpha-1-antitrypsin (a1AT) deficiency is caused by homozygosity (ZZ) for the autosomal co-dominant Z mutant allele of a1AT.1 This…
Pancreatic Insufficiency and Cystic Fibrosis
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Pancreatic insufficiency (PI) is a term used to define patients who have lost a significant amount (usually >95%) of pancreatic exocrine function and therefore…
Metabolic and Drug-Induced Liver Disease
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Metabolic liver disease has traditionally referred to diseases that result from inborn errors of metabolism. These disorders are due to a single enzyme defect…
Autoimmune Liver Disorders
Autoimmune Liver Disorders: Introduction Print Section Listen There are three liver diseases in which an autoimmune mechanism is primarily responsible for damage to the liver: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing…
Liver Transplantation
Definitions and Epidemiology Print Section Listen Types of Liver Transplants Liver transplantation refers to the surgical replacement of a diseased liver with a donor-grafted organ. This is most commonly orthotopic…
