Outline Introduction Embryologic Aspects of Motility Development Pharyngo-esophageal Motility Reflexes in Human Neonates Maturation of Esophageal Peristalsis and Upper Esophageal Sphincter and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Functions Maturation of Basal and…
Outline Introduction Lipids and Fatty Acids Maintaining Function and Health Mechanisms and Significance of Fatty Acid Alterations in Cystic Fibrosis Defects in Fatty Acid Metabolism Pancreatic Insufficiency and Lipid Maldigestion…
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Michael S. Torbenson, MD 28.1 DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY Hepatocellular carcinoma is defined as a malignant epithelial tumor that (1) originates in the liver, (2) is differentiated toward hepatocytes…
Hematopathology and the Liver Michael S. Torbenson Ellen D. McPhail 30.1 OVERVIEW The liver can be involved by reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and by various hematological malignancies. The appropriate diagnosis can…
Metastatic Tumors in the Liver Lizhi Zhang, MD 31.1 INTRODUCTION The liver is one of the most common organs involved by metastases. In fact, metastatic tumors are the most common…
Vascular Disorders Lizhi Zhang, MD 21.1 INTRODUCTION The liver has a dual blood supply. The portal vein provides approximately two-thirds of blood flow to the liver, with blood that is…
Wilson Disease and Other Inherited Metabolic Diseases of Liver Lizhi Zhang, MD 18.1 INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction of liver can be due to several causes. Congenital deficiency of a specific enzyme…
Benign and Malignant Biliary Tumors Murli Krishna, MD 29.1 INTRODUCTION Biliary neoplasms and tumor-like lesions form a diverse group of lesions in the liver, and include tumors with characteristics similar…
Benign and Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors of the Liver Rondell P. Graham, MBBS Andrew L. Folpe, MD 26.1 INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal tumors of the liver can be challenging because they are not…
Benign Hepatocellular Tumors Dora Lam-Himlin, MD 27.1 FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA Definition Focal nodular hyperplasia is a benign hyperplastic reactive lesion composed of nodules of hepatocytes separated by fibrotic bands in…
