Disease Pregnancy trimester Laboratory abnormalities Hyperemesis gravidarum First Elevated AST, ALT Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Second and third trimester and postpartum Elevated serum bile acids Elevated AST, ALT, Bilirubin Normal…

Common indications  Lymphadenopathy  Lung cancer nodal staging  Esophageal cancer tumor Nodal staging  Mediastinal mass Uncommon indications  Mediastinal vascular abnormalities  Mediastinal cystic lesions  Thyroid mass/lesion  Mediastinal collections FNA fine-needle aspiration, FNB…

Fig. 4.1 Patient being positioned semi-prone in the operating room for ERCP Other positions that are used for ERCP include left lateral and supine. Although the left lateral position is…

Complication Frequency Pancreatitis 5–25 % Bleeding 1–2 % Perforation <1 % Cholecystitis <1 % Cholangitis Rare Death Rare ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Post-ERCP Pancreatitis Post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most…

Tumor Note the maximal dimensions, border irregularity, echo-texture, and presence of solid/cystic components in the tumor Vascular invasion Pancreatic head tumor: note the relationship of the tumor with the portal…

Fig. 27.1 Management algorithm for nonmetastatic primary rectal cancer (ESD endoscopic submucosal dissection) The diagnostic accuracy of EUS in rectal cancer staging has recently been questioned and criticized as clinical…

Fig. 26.1 Endoscopic images of a gastric cancer. White light a and chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine b show a shallow depressed lesion in the anterior wall of the antrum What…

Fig. 12.1 Types of pancreatic and peripancreatic collections based on the revised Atlanta classification system of acute pancreatitis with representative contrast-enhanced CT images. Collections are differentiated by the presence or…

Benign intrinsic Malignant intrinsic Iatrogenic injury (i.e., post-surgical) Cholangiocarcinoma Primary sclerosing cholangitis Biliary IPMN Autoimmune cholangiopathy (i.e., IgG4-associated) Biliary involvement of ampullary carcinoma Inflammatory Chloroma Ischemic cholangiopathy Myeloma Fibroinflammtory biliary…

Iatrogenic Liver biopsy  Transhepatic cholangiography  Transhepatic ablative therapy  Transhepatic biliary drainage  Cholecystectomy  Bile duct surgery  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) manipulation (stenting, sphincterotomy, biopsy, lithotripsy, stricture dilation, etc.) Trauma Penetrating injury…