Swallowing
Objectives • Describe the oral and pharyngeal events taking place during a swallow. • Describe the pressures within the esophagus and oral stomach at rest and during a swallow. •…
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Motility of the Small Intestine
Objectives • Compare the motility patterns of the small intestine during feeding and fasting. • Describe the functions of slow waves and spike potentials in regulating contractions of the small…
Regulation: Nerves and Smooth Muscle
Objectives • Understand the anatomy and functions of the enteric nervous system and its relationship with the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. • Describe the anatomy and types of contractions of…
Regulation: Peptides of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Objectives • Describe the four major functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. • Understand the differences between and significance of endocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine agents. • Identify the major GI…
Gastric Emptying
Objectives • Describe the contractions of the orad and caudad regions of the stomach. • Explain the regulation of the contractile activity of the stomach, including the role of slow…
II General Physical Examination
PART II General Physical Examination A general look at the patient may be extremely useful in defining the cause, associated complications, or assist in the differential diagnosis. In the following…
Intestines
Applied Medicine Melena or black, tarry, and sticky stools with an offensive odor results from mild-upper GI bleeding. Fresh red blood passed per rectum is called hematochezia. Causes of Hematochezia…