Endoscopic Ultrasound and Pancreatic Tumors
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is the most sensitive imaging modality for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially lesions less than 2 cm in size. • EUS is…
EUS and EBUS in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) are the techniques of choice in case mediastinal nodal sampling is indicated for…
How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Stomach
The two basic techniques for examining the stomach are the balloon inflation procedure and the water-filled stomach method. Both methods can be employed with either the linear or radial echoendoscope,…
Principles of Ultrasound
Key Points • Ultrasound is mechanical energy in the form of vibrations that propagate through a medium such as tissue. • Ultrasound interacts with tissue by undergoing absorption, reflection, refraction,…
New Techniques in EUS: Real-Time Elastography, Contrast-Enhanced EUS, and Fusion Imaging
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has improved considerably in the past years through development of real-time EUS elastography, contrast-enhanced EUS and fusion EUS imaging. • Real-time EUS elastography provides…
Endoscopic Ultrasound in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer
Key Points • Both radial or linear echoendoscopes can be used for evaluation and staging of esophageal and gastric cancer. • The role of EUS is limited in patients with…
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Posterior Mediastinal Lesions
Key Points • Criteria exist to differentiate benign from malignant mediastinal lymph nodes, but used alone these criteria are not sufficiently accurate. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) is required…
How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Esophagus and Mediastinum
Esophagus Obtaining high-quality images of the esophageal wall is one of the more difficult tasks that an endosonographer will encounter. One has to deal with the “catch 22” that pits…
Indications, Preparation, and Adverse Effects
Key Points • The primary indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are cancer diagnosis and staging, assessment (usually combined with EUS fine-needle aspiration [FNA]) of lymph nodes, and evaluation of pancreatic…
