Scan Optimization: The Art of Compromise
Scan Optimization: The Art of Compromise To be successful in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one must learn the art of compromise. With few exceptions, when attempting to optimize a scan,…
Basic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Principles for the Abdomen and Pelvis
Basic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Principles for the Abdomen and Pelvis A basic understanding of a limited number of physical principles is essential to performing and interpreting abdominal and pelvic magnetic…
Esophageal disease states
Esophageal disease states Achalasia Definition Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder of unknown cause, which is characterized by insufficient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and aperistalsis. Etiology The cause…
Esophageal testing
Esophageal testing Endoscopy Indications Endoscopy is the technique of choice to detect structural abnormalities of the esophagus and to evaluate the mucosa. The most common indications include dysphagia, symptoms of…
Esophageal symptom assessment
Esophageal symptom assessment Typical symptoms Heartburn (pyrosis) and acid regurgitation Definition Heartburn is a substernal burning sensation, usually occurring from 30 minutes to 2 hours post-prandial, that can radiate up…
Normal esophageal anatomy and physiology
Normal esophageal anatomy and physiology Gross anatomy The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach, the proximal margin of which is the upper esophageal sphincter (UES)….
Hysteroscopy for Infertility
Hysteroscopy for Infertility Charles M. March From its humble beginnings almost 150 years ago, hysteroscopy has become a sophisticated procedure that is invaluable in the management of certain diseases that…
Hysteroscopy for Abnormal Bleeding
Hysteroscopy for Abnormal Bleeding Hubert Guedj Jacques Barbot Michael S. Baggish Abnormal uterine bleeding is the oldest and the most frequent indication for the performance of hysteroscopy. Let us recall…
Hysteroscopy and Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy and Hysterosalpingography Jacques Barbot Hubert Guedj Has hysterography become an obsolete method of diagnosis, and will hysteroscopy replace it? Since the renewal of interest in hysteroscopy, this question has…
General Aspects of Operative Hysteroscopy
General Aspects of Operative Hysteroscopy Michael S. Baggish Hubert Guedj Rafael F. Valle The ability to intervene surgically with the hysteroscope has substantial advantages for the patient, the physician, and…
