Crohn’s Disease
Since the discovery of the first Crohn’s disease (CD) gene NOD2 in 2001, 140 genetic loci have been found in whites using high-throughput genome-wide association studies. Several genes influence the…
Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: A Future Target for Prevention and Therapy?
Given its long natural history, prostate cancer has become an ideal model for the clinical and basic science study of neoplastic disease in distinct pathologic phases: tumor initiation, progression, invasion,…
Inflammation and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Prostatitis, a histologic diagnosis, has evolved over the years to describe a clinical syndrome that was believed to be associated with prostatic inflammation. Similarly, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), another histologic…
Diagnosis and Management of Epididymitis
Epididymitis is a common and morbid condition seen across a wide age range. There are multiple etiologies that may lead to inflammation of the epididymis, including infection, trauma, autoimmune disease,…
Re-imagining Interstitial Cystitis
Since the postulation of an “antiproliferative factor” in 1998 and a description, six years later, of this putative central protein in the etiologic pathway of the painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis,…
Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
In the 20 th century, the term “prostatitis” traditionally referred to inflammation in the prostate, often attributed to infection. Prostatitis in this century usually refers to a chronic pain syndrome…
Antibiotics in Urology – New Essentials
The bacterial spectrum and rates of antimicrobial resistance of uncomplicated community-acquired and complicated and nosocomially acquired urinary tract infections differ substantially. Significant variation exists from region to region and over…
HIV-AIDS – Urologic Considerations
The prevalence of HIV continues to grow in the United States and worldwide. HIV-positive patients experience many genitourinary disease processes. With improvements in HIV therapy, patients have questions and concerns…
New Developments in the Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric UTIs
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are common and a major source of morbidity. The incidence of UTIs in childhood is not precisely known because it is not a reportable…
Sexually Transmitted Infections
This article addresses the importance of screening for sexually transmitted diseases as a form of secondary prevention. The differential diagnoses of genital ulcers or inflammatory disorders of the genitourinary tract, with a…
