Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Louis-Philippe Laurin Laura H. Mariani INTRODUCTION Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major cause of glomerular disease worldwide. It represents a histologic pattern of kidney injury rather…
Minimal Change Disease Chia-shi Wang Patrick H. Nachman INTRODUCTION/GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Minimal change disease (MCD) is characterized by nephrotic syndrome and normal glomerular histology by light microscopy, with podocyte effacement on…
Extrarenal Manifestations of Nephrotic Syndrome Bryce A. Kerlin Vimal K. Derebail INTRODUCTION/GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Three extrarenal manifestations drive much of the morbidity and mortality that results from nephrotic syndrome (NS). Edema…
Approach to the Diagnosis of Glomerular Disease A. Neil Turner The current nomenclature for glomerulonephritis is a confusing mixture of terms derived from light microscopy and those derived from more…
Introduction to Kidney Biopsy and Basic Glomerular Pathology Lihong Bu Anthony Chang KIDNEY BIOPSY INDICATIONS AND SPECIMEN HANDLING Kidney biopsy is the gold standard to diagnose glomerular diseases. Common indications…
Introduction to the Pathogenesis of Glomerular Diseases Patrick H. Nachman Michelle N. Rheault Virginie Royal The study of glomerular disease is a rich and exciting, yet challenging field of nephrology….
Introduction Electronic prescribing or e-prescribing has been identified as an important technology and stepping stone for improving the safety, quality, and efficiency of healthcare ( ). E-prescribing was initially touted…
Introduction Urology is a long-established specialty, and many urologists still use surgical instruments such as urethral sounds, which have been in use since at least 3000 BC and not changed…
Introduction Remote therapy and digital therapeutics encompass a number of therapeutic modalities, from e-prescribing, remote surgery, eHealth, and virtual care to digital devices as therapies. Digital therapeutics are well suited…
Introduction Digital sensors and devices are in widespread use to monitor many physiologic functions. They provide indicators and parameters for early warning scores for patients in acute health systems, whether…
