Genetic Abnormalities in Glomerular Function
This chapter discusses recent advances in the understanding of genetic kidney diseases that primarily involve the glomerulus. The chapter is organized according to the site or mechanism of the primary…
Ischemic Renal Disease
The intrinsic ability of the kidney to regulate renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over a wide range of perfusion pressures has fascinated physiologists for decades. These adaptive…
Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the industrialized world. Although the incidence of nephropathy due to type 1 diabetes may not be increasing, type…
Renal Failure in Cirrhosis
Renal failure is a common complication of patients with advanced cirrhosis. The most common causes of renal failure in cirrhosis are those related to bacterial infections (with or without septic…
Organic Anion and Cation Transporters in Renal Elimination of Drugs
Renal proximal tubules efficiently secrete anionic and cationic drugs and toxins. Many of the involved transporters are members of the solute carrier family 22 ( SLC22 ) and exhibit a…
Biomarkers for Assessment of Renal Function During Acute Kidney Injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition, the diagnosis of which depends on serum creatinine measurements. Unfortunately, creatinine is a delayed and unreliable biomarker of AKI. The…
Clinical Disturbances of Phosphate Homeostasis
In the kidney, filtered inorganic phosphate ions are reabsorbed along the proximal tubules. This transepithelial process involves sodium-dependent phosphate transporters that are localized at the apical (brush border) membrane. Currently,…
Clinical Syndromes of Metabolic Acidosis
Abstract Metabolic acidosis is the acid–base disturbance that is initiated by a primary decrease in the plasma [HCO 3 − ]. The acidemia leads to a time-dependent and quantitatively predictable…
Proximal Tubular Handling of Phosphate
In the kidney, filtered inorganic phosphate ions are reabsorbed along the proximal tubules. This transepithelial process involves sodium-dependent phosphate transporters that are localized at the apical (brush border) membrane. Currently,…
Glucose Reabsorption in The Kidney
Glucose is the major fuel source to the body’s tissue and its plasma concentration is maintained within narrow limits, 4–10 mM, except in diabetes where it may rise to over…
