Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis Frank O’Brien General Principles The loss of kidney function in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) results in uremia and an impairment in regulation of fluids and electrolytes. Without intervention, ESRD…
Onconephrology
Onconephrology Monica Chang-Panesso Benjamin D. Humphreys Introduction The advent of numerous targeted chemotherapy agents and improvements in hematopoietic stem cell transplants over the past two decades have significantly improved the…
Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Secondary Causes of Hypertension Randy Laine Patricia F. Kao Introduction This chapter will cover nonrenovascular etiologies of secondary hypertension (sHTN), focusing specifically on hormonal and monogenic causes. The work-up for…
Renal Artery Stenosis and Renovascular Hypertension
Renal Artery Stenosis and Renovascular Hypertension Reem Daloul Aubrey Morrison General Principles The structural finding of a narrowed renal artery lumen defines renal artery stenosis (RAS). Renal vascular hypertension (RVHTN)…
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrolithiasis Seth Goldberg General Principles Kidney stones are crystalline structures in the urinary tract that have achieved sufficient size to cause symptoms or be visible by radiographic imaging techniques. Most…
Renal Diseases in Pregnancy
Renal Diseases in Pregnancy Deepa Amberker Will Ross General Principles Pregnancy is associated with predictable anatomic changes of the kidney and is characterized by physiologic changes of systemic and renal…
Cystic Disease of the Kidney
Cystic Disease of the Kidney Seth Goldberg Polycystic Kidney Disease General Principles Classification Polycystic kidney disease has two well-defined autosomal dominant forms (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 1 [ADPKD1] and…
Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic Nephropathy George Jarad General Principles Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in diabetic patients. Early recognition, diagnosis,…
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Nurelign Abebe Marcos Rothstein General Principles Definition Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months. These…
Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Thrombotic Microangiopathy Anuja Java General Principles Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a pathologic process caused by thrombotic occlusion of the systemic microvasculature, leading to end-organ ischemia and infarction. TMAs are characterized…
