Volume disorders and fluid resuscitation
Introduction Volume disorders are common in patients with cancer, given the vast array of organ dysfunction that occurs in these patients, as well as the frequent toxicities associated with many…
Cytology Primer for Endosonographers
Key Points • Communication between the endosonographer and the cytopathologist is the key to a successful endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) service. • A cytopathology service should be involved…
Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Drainage of the Biliary-Pancreatic Ductal Systems and Gallbladder
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is gaining popularity as the procedure of choice over percutaneous methods in patients with failed biliary cannulation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. •…
Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Ablation Therapy and Celiac Plexus Interventions
Key Points • Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided ablative therapy consists of the injection of cytotoxic agents into cystic cavities or ganglia to eliminate premalignant epithelium or to produce neurolysis. • Celiac…
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections
Key Points • Recognition of different types of pancreatic fluid collections is crucial for appropriate management. • Endoscopic-ultrasonography (EUS)-guided drainage is the treatment of choice in the management of pancreatic…
Evaluation of the Anal Sphincter by Anal Endosonography
Key Points • Anal endosonography (AES) is simple to perform and visualizes the anal sphincter complex—notably the external and internal anal sphincters. • AES is able to image sphincter tears…
Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Anastomosis, Drainage of Abdominopelvic Fluid Collections, and Vascular Interventions
Key Points • An anastomosis can be established between the stomach and the jejunum under the guidance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in patients with gastric outlet obstruction. A lumen-apposing metal…
How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration
Key Points • The needle should be kept in the visual plane at all times. • Excessive force should never be used to pass the needle sheath past an acute…
Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Pancreatic Cysts
Key Points • The differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions is wide: the majority of these lesions are benign, but detection of mucinous neoplasms (IPMN and MCN) is important because…
Techniques for Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy
Key Points • Although endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) is very accurate, it cannot fully characterize certain neoplasms, and lack of cytology expertise may result in a limited perceived…
