Fig. 6.1 Basic principles of multiphoton microscopy (MPM). (a) The Jablonski diagram showing how MPM fluorescence emission is caused by the simultaneous absorption of two or three low-energy (near-infrared) photons,…
Fig. 12.1 ELUS probe and system. (a) Photograph of a 5.4 French (1.8 mm) ELUS probe. This probe can be passed over a guidewire, and it has a shielded transducer,…
Fig. 5.1 Schematic illustration of an NIRF imaging system. Essential components of an NIRF imaging system include an NIR excitation light, collection optics, NIR filters, an NIRF video camera, a…
Authors Year published Simulator studied Exercises performed in study Number of participants in study Validity assessed Brinkman et al. 2013 dVSSS Ring and rail 2 17 novices Repetitions required Colaco…
Fig. 15.1 Patient on standard CT gantry, under general anesthesia lying prone on chest rolls with arms tucked. Note limited working space even in thin patients such as this (Arrow…
Technique Resolutiona Depth Timeb Quantitativec Multichannel Imaging agents Target Costd Main small animal use Clinical use MRI 10–100 μm No limit Minutes to hours Yes No Paramagnetic chelates, magnetic particles…
Fig. 9.1 Flexible laparoscopic ultrasound probe (From Hitachi-Aloka, Wallingford, CT) Recently, a robotic transducer, the ProART (BK Medical Herlev, Denmark), with Doppler capability was developed. It has a unique fin…
Fig. 3.1 Schematic overview displaying time-domain, low-coherence interferometry which can measure echo time delays of light. (a) A Michelson-type interferometer is equipped with a sample and reference arm. Light which…
Fig. 1.1 Endoscopic fluorescence imaging systems for bladder cancer. (a) Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) composed of a blue-light source, specialized camera head and lens, and hexaminolevulinate as the contrast agent. (b)…
Imaging modality Objects visualized, scale and resolution Detail of objects visualized Energy source CT and MRI Whole organs Bone, organs, fat, air (gross level) X-ray (for CT) or radiofrequency EM…
