PROGNOSIS After the initial episode resolves, about one third experience bouts of disease recurrence, which are usually mild and occur during the first several months after presentation. Patients should thus…
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS The major features include palpable, nonblanching purpura (often on the lower extremities), nonerosive oligoarthritis, renal disease, and gastrointestinal disease. Most patients, however, do not exhibit all four…
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS In most cases, preeclampsia is detected during routine blood pressure screening and urine dipstick. Because of primary renal retention of salt and water, patients may have edema…
PROGNOSIS Preeclampsia typically resolves within several days postpartum, but symptoms can sometimes persist for weeks or more. Patients should be carefully monitored for the duration of their postpartum hospitalization and…
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Despite intense research, the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia remains poorly understood. Current evidence, however, suggests there is abnormal remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries, and that the resulting placental ischemia…
In this manner, the constant generation of carbon dioxide could lead to a significant acid load. Because carbon dioxide is a volatile gas, however, it can be excreted from the…
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS In the early years of the AIDS epidemic, before anti retroviral therapy, the classic clinical presentation o HIVAN was rapidly progressive renal failure accompanied by moderate to…
Related posts: Renal Ascent and Ectopia: Thoracic and Crossed Ectopic Kidney Renal Handling of Sodium and Chloride: Nephron Sites of Sodium Reabsorption Glomerular Filtration Rate: Calculation Hepatorenal Syndrome: Proposed Pathophysiology…
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HIVAN is caused by direct infection of renal epithelial cells by the HIV-1 virus, leading to viral gene expression. RNA in situ hybridization and DNA in situ polymerase chain…
TREATMENT Treatment of myeloma cast nephropathy centers on volume expansion, which reduces intratubular cast concentration, as well as chemotherapy (and sometimes plasmapheresis), which reduces serum free light chain concentration. The…
