Penile Cancer
Primary tumour (T) TX Primary tumour cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary tumour Tis Carcinoma in situ Ta Non-invasive verrucous carcinoma T1 Tumour invades subepithelial connective tissue T1a…
Histological Classification of Testicular Cancer
1. Germ cell tumours Intratubular germ cell neoplasia, unclassified type (IGCNU) Seminoma (including cases with syncytiotrophoblastic cells) Spermatocytic seminoma (mention if there is sarcomatous component) Embryonal carcinoma Yolk sac tumour…
Investigations
Fig. 26.1 CT scan showing a very rare case of adrenal myelolipoma on the right side. This is a low-density benign tumour consistent with fat content (Courtesy of S. Novellas,…
Clinical Features
Fig. 14.1 (a, b) Rare case of a huge palpable and visible renal mass in an 83-year-old man (it was a giant cystic tumour of the right kidney) (Courtesy of…
Proposed Answers
Fig. 30.1 Specimen of an open nephron-sparing surgery-wedge resection: This was proven to be an oncocytoma after histopathological study 30.5 Male Genital Cancers 1. Surveillance. 2. Surveillance with…
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumours (EGGCTs)
Fig. 23.1 CT scan showing multiple left paraaortic and interaortico-caval LNs consistent with EGGCT. Teratoma was seen in most of them (Courtesy of Dr J-L Hoepffner, Onco-Urologist, Saint-Augustin Clinic and…
Diagnosis of UTUC
Fig. 10.1 (a, b) CT images showing hydronephrosis of the left kidney due to a distal left ureteric TCC The evaluation of the contralateral kidney is important because of the…
Diagnostic Approaches of Testicular Cancers
Histological types Markers βHCG AFP Choriocarcinoma +++100 % No Pure seminoma + 10 % No Yolk sac tumour No ++ Embryonal carcinoma No ++ Pure teratoma No No One must…
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathology and Tumour Staging
Fig 9.1 (a, b) Papillary TCC of the renal pelvis and upper calyx (x) (Courtesy of A. Durlach, Pol Bouin Laboratory, University Hospital of Reims, France) The histopathology of upper…
