Chemotherapy for Testicular Cancer
Variable 0 1 2 3 Primary site Gonadal Retroperitoneal Mediastinal Response 1st line CR/PRm- PRm+/SD PD PFI >3 months ≤3 months AFP at salvage normal <1,000 >1,000 LBB at salvage…
The Role of Radiotherapy in Testicular Cancer
© Springer-Verlag London 2015Vinod H. Nargund, Derek Raghavan and Howard M. Sandler (eds.)Urological Oncology10.1007/978-0-85729-482-1_30 30. The Role of Radiotherapy in Testicular Cancer Sophie D. Fossa1 and Jan Oldenburg2 (1) Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway (2)…
Epidemiology, Biology, and Genetics of Adult Male Germ Cell Tumors
Characteristic Risk estimates or comment [reference] Disorders of male development Cryptorchidism Five to nine-fold increased risk, 10 % lifetime risk [11, 12] Disorders of sex development Variable, depends on specific…
Medical Management of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Fig. 24.1 Relevant biologic pathways in RCC. In hypoxia or with an inactivated VHL gene, there is stabilization of HIF transcription factors. mTOR phosphorylates and activates p70S6K leading to enhanced…
Nephron-Saving Procedures: Ablative Techniques (Non-surgical) Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), Cryotherapy
Fig. 23.1 (a) Central 2.2 cm tumour abutting the collecting system. 6 F ureteric catheter has been inserted and noted next to the lesion. (b) The RF probe is inserted…
Renal Cancer: Surgical Management
Absolute Anatomical or functional solitary kidney, synchronous tumours; RCC in better functioning kidney with poorly or non-functioning opposite kidney Relative Contralateral kidney is at future risk of the condition and…
Renal Cancer – Epidemiology and Aetiology
Fig. 18.1 Cellular function with normal O2 levels and normal VHL System When there is hypoxia or mutation of pVHL, binding of pVHL to HIF-α cannot occur and the pVHL-HIF…
Renal Cancer: Investigations and Staging
Nomogram N M status (n) Clinical and pathological variables Comments Yacioglu et al. [24] 296 M0 Retrospective study, Tumour size and presentation Biostatical prognostic model Kattan et al. [23] 601…
The Anaesthetic Management of Patients with Genitourinary Cancer
1. Obesity, cachexia 2. Varying degrees of impairment of renal function 3. Previous anaesthetic problems 4. Dehydration, acidosis/alkalosis, electrolyte imbalance 5. Paraneoplastic syndromes 6. Diabetes mellitus 7. Cardiac and vascular…
Renal Cancer: Clinical Features
Clinical finding Cause A. Endocrine Hypercalcaemia Tumor release of parathyroid hormone (PT) and parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP) causing increased bone reabsorption Hypertension Increased renin secretion activating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway…
