Radiation Exposure to the Patient and the Urologist
Study Dose range Standard non-contrast CT 8–16 mSv [7] CT urogram 9.73 mSv [10] Low dose CT 1.4–3 mSv [7, 11–14] Ultra-low dose CT 0.5–0.91 mSv [18, 19] Plain abdominal…
History of the Treatment of Ureteral Calculi
Specific gravity Permeability to X-ray Density of shadow Calcium oxalate Biliary calculi Calcium oxalate Uric acid Uric acid Phosphates Phosphates Phosphates Uric acid Biliary calculi Calcium oxalate Biliary calculi One…
Observation and Medical Expulsive Therapy
Agent class Drugs in class reported in MET studies Proposed mechanism of action Safety in pregnancy Potential side effectsa Selective COX inhibitors Celecoxib Inhibition of COX-2 enzymes, reduction of ureteral…
Radiology Imaging for Ureteral Stones
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Sutchin R. Patel and Stephen Y. Nakada (eds.)Ureteral Stone Management10.1007/978-3-319-08792-4_2 2. Radiology Imaging for Ureteral Stones Abdulkadir Tepeler1 and Stephen Y. Nakada1 (1) Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and…
Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Pathology
Risk factors Tobacco smoking Increased lifetime risk with increased consumption and intensity of smoking Analgesic abuse Long-term use of analgesics, especially phenacetin Balkan nephropathy Papillary necrosis Occupation carcinogen exposure α/β-Naphthylamine,…
The Role of Lymphadenectomy in the Management of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Upper Urinary Tract
Location of the primary tumor (no. of patients with nodal metastasis) Suprahilar Hilar Para-caval Retro-caval Interaorto-caval Para-aortic Common iliac External iliac Obturator Internal iliac Presacral Right RP (22) – 14…
Prognostics Factors, Molecular Markers, and Predictive Tools in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Characteristics Comment References Age Advanced chronological age is an independent predictor of DR, CSM, and OM [12–14] Gender No impact of gender on outcomes [15] Race Afro-American race independent predictor…
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Upper Urinary Urothelial Cancers
Fig. 1.1 Molecular biology of Lynch syndrome. During replication, DNA polymerase slips on highly repetitive microsatellites. Proficient MMR repairs these slips in normal cells, but they persist in those without…
Diagnosis and Evaluation of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC)
Fig. 2.1 Preoperative nomogram for prediction of organ-confined stage of the UTUC (adapted from Margulis V, et al.: Preoperative multivariable prognostic model for prediction of nonorgan confined urothelial carcinoma of…
Chemotherapy
Study Setting Inclusion criteria N= Regimen Primary outcomes pCR Survival at 5 years Prospective Siefker Radtke et al. ASCO GU 2012 [35] Neoadjuvant 16 Dose dense MVAC + Bevacizumab…
