Fig. 16.1 Illustration depicting air-dried cervical mucus studied with light microscopy (× 40). a Es mucus: a parallel arrangement of crystals is close together but not joined, with or without…
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2015Glenn L. Schattman, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok Agarwal (eds.)Unexplained Infertility10.1007/978-1-4939-2140-9_26 26. Aromatase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Unexplained Female Infertility Lucky H. Sekhon1 , Patricia Rekawek2 and Lawrence Grunfeld2 (1) Mount Sinai Medical Center,…
Fig. 24.1 Medications for male infertility. (Reprinted with permission from Cleveland Clinic Center for Medical Art & Photography © 2012. All Rights Reserved) Table 24.1 Classes of medications used for…
Fig. 8.1 Structure of nuclear metaphase chromosome. The chromatin is a complex of unbroken long double-stranded helical DNA carrying genes and proteins. The nucleosome is the basic chromatin subunit composed…
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2015Glenn L. Schattman, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok Agarwal (eds.)Unexplained Infertility10.1007/978-1-4939-2140-9_22 22. The Role of Expectant Management for Couples with Unexplained Infertility N. M. van den Boogaard1 , Fulco van der Veen2 and Ben…
Substance Effect Reference Alcohol Inhibit testosterone synthesis [5] Anticonvulsants Sperm abnormalities [6] Arsenic Decrease sperm concentration and motility [7] Cadmium Decreased acrosome reaction [8] Caffeine Lower sperm concentration [9] Calcium…
Fig. 19.1 Physiopathology of infertility associated with endometriosis Pathogenesis of Endometriosis Several theories and hypotheses have attempted to explain the origin of endometriosis and how the different stages of the…
Table of toxins and environmental factors affecting male fertility Environmental and lifestyle factors Mechanism of action Effect Reference Agricultural influences Fertilizers Nitric oxide Impaired spermatogenesis Decreased sperm function…
Three phases have been described in the human implantation process: apposition, adhesion (attachment), and invasion (penetration). The blastocyst communicates with the endometrium in the apposition phase. During the adhesion and…
Fig. 15.1 Two-dimensional structures for selected environmental organic pollutants with recognized potential for human reproductive toxicity. a 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). b 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). c Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). d 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (Bisphenol A, BPA)….
