Association Between Varicocele and Infertility
# Author, year and reference OS marker Evidence Study group (N) Controls (N) Results A. Seminal OS markers 1. Hendin et al. 1999 [104] Seminal ROS (by CL) Direct Infertile…
Varicocele and Azoospermia
© The Author(s) 2016Alaa Hamada, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok AgarwalVaricocele and Male InfertilitySpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology10.1007/978-3-319-24936-0_9 9. Varicocele and Azoospermia Alaa Hamada1 , Sandro C. Esteves2 and Ashok Agarwal3 (1) TUFTS Medical School/St. Elizabeths Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA…
Guidelines and Best Practice Statements for the Evaluation and Management of Infertile Adult and Adolescent Males with Varicocele
Levels of evidence 1a Evidence obtained from meta-analysis of randomized trials 1b Evidence obtained from at least one randomized trial 2a Evidence obtained from one well-designed controlled study without randomization…
Cost-Effectiveness of Varicocele Treatment
© The Author(s) 2016Alaa Hamada, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok AgarwalVaricocele and Male InfertilitySpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology10.1007/978-3-319-24936-0_10 10. Cost-Effectiveness of Varicocele Treatment Alaa Hamada1 , Sandro C. Esteves2 and Ashok Agarwal3 (1) TUFTS Medical School/St. Elizabeths Medical Center, Boston, MA,…
Effect of Varicocele Treatment
Study Patients Postoperative markers of oxidative stress Postoperative antioxidants Conclusions Mostafa et al. (2001) [64] n = 68 men undergoing varicocelectomy At 3 and 6 months, seminal malondialdehyde (both P = 0.0001), H2O2 (both…
Subclinical Varicocele
Studies Patients no Design Therapy Diagnostic method Outcomes Unal 2001 [244] 42 infertile men with subclinical varicocele RCT Group 1: (n = 21) Clomiphene citrate Group 2 (n = 21) Varicocele repair CDU Sperm…
Definitions and Epidemiology
Fig. 1.1 Photograph of a large left varicocele seen through the scrotal skin (left). Illustration of varicose veins on the left spermatic cord as compared to normal sized-veins on the…
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: Ureteroscopic Biopsy and Specimen Preparation
Fig. 26.1 A retrograde ureteropyelogram demonstrates a 3 cm ureteral tumor After examining the lower urinary tract, the entire upper urinary tract is thoroughly surveyed using one of two “no…
Flexible Ureteroscopy: Wireless and Sheathless
Fig. 25.1 Cross-section view of a flexible ureteroscope showing the optical system and 3.6 Fr working channel (a). Figure 23.1a from Cohen JH, Grasso III, M. Ureteroscopy for Upper Ureteric…
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Fig. 4.1 Retrograde pyelogram showing a left ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction from a high insertion of the left ureter When intervention is indicated, the reference standard has historically been open…
