Fig. 6.1 Typical ureteroscopic appearance of a small papillary low grade tumor in the renal pelvis Accurate staging of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma is challenging. CT evaluation alone…
Fig. 3.1 Ureteral aspirate from a patient with a low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. Tumor cells have slightly enlarged and crowded nuclei. (a) Thinprep, Papanicolaou stain ×400….
Series N Country Male/female ratio Age on presentation West Margulis et al. (2009) [1] 1,363 N. America West Europe 2.1/1 69.7 Audenet (2012) [44] 1,122 France 2.3/1 70.4 Shariat et…
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24. Sternberg CN, De Mulder PHM, Schornagel JH, Théodore C, Fossa SD, Van Oosterom AT, Witjes F, Spina M, Van Groeningen CJ, de Balincourt C, Collette L, For the European…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Michael Grasso III and Demetrius H. Bagley (eds.)Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma10.1007/978-3-319-13869-5_5 5. Surgical Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma– Open, Laparoscopic, and Robotic Approaches to Nephroureterectomy and Outcomes Marc J. Mann1,…
Group (year) Patients (renal units) Route Initial positive response Recurrence Follow up (months) Side effects/complications Studer [14] (1989) 8 (10) Antegrade 4/8 (50 %) 2/8 (25 %) 18–28 Life-threatening septicaemia…
Fig. 13.1 Open surgical approach to the S3 foramen Fig. 13.2 Sacral electrode fixed to the fascia of the gluteus maximum The procedure was made easier and reliable by Spinelli…
Fig. 15.1 X-ray showing lead insertion position Fig. 15.2 Diagrammatic view of lead puncture insertion position This technique is recommended to stay clear of veins and arteries and to avoid…
Fig. 3.1 Neurotransmitter mechanisms regulating urinary bladder and EUS function. Distribution of different autonomic and somatic axons The afferent Aδ fibers, lightly myelinated, and the unmyelinated C fibers travel through…
