Fig. 12.1 Transducer probes – (a) Handheld side-fire curvilinear-array transducer. (b) Handheld end-fire linear-array transducer. (c) Laparoscopic side-fire linear-array transducer. (d) Hand-assisted laparoscopic approach Laparoscopic transducers are either fixed or…
Fig. 18.1 Laparoscopic, hand-assisted, ultrasound-guided ablation of a hepatic malignancy. The patient had undergone a sigmoid resection and already had a lower abdominal hand port in place. Notice the surgeon…
Fig. 17.1 PET scan demonstrating too many lesions to be able to safely and effectively perform ablation with curative intent Tumors which are 3 cm in size require the creation…
Fig. 16.1 Ultrasound probes are designed with both ergonomics and imaging characteristics in mind. Handpieces can be shaped for a particular use, and straight and curved arrays provide different imaging…
Fig. 9.1 Sagittal view of the abdominal aorta. Note the sample volume (large arrow) within the lumen of the aorta. The Doppler beam (small arrow) is adjusted to an angle…
Fig. 14.1 Anatomy of the extrahepatic biliary tree with typical transverse ultrasonographic planes through the portal pedicle. The right hepatic artery (RHA) usually runs behind the common hepatic duct (CHD),…
Stage Definition Tis Carcinoma in situ T1 Tumor invades submucosa T2 Tumor invades muscularis propria T3 Tumor invades through muscularis propria into pericolorectal tissues T4a Tumor penetrates to surface of…
Fig. 2.1 Behavior of mechanical waves. Longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation; transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of propagation Frequency is the number of times…
Fig. 5.1 Simple hepatic cyst seen on curvilinear 2.5 MHz transcutaneous transducer. There are 3 observations to be gleaned from this image. (i) Optimization of gray scale with liver parenchyma…
Fig. 20.1 Scanning of a transabdominal ultrasound phantom (Courtesy of Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd., Kyoko Japan) Fig. 20.2 Intraoperative/laparoscopic ultrasound phantom (Courtesy of Kyoto Kagaku Co., Ltd., Kyoko Japan) Fig….
