Abdominal Key

Fig. 5.1 Positioning and instruments. The patient is placed in a modified lithotomy position using a levitator, with both arms fixed to the body trunk. Shoulder pads are used to…

Fig. 7.1 Port placement and surgeon’s standing position The right pelvic nerve plexus is dissected caudally along the pelvic wall side of the plexus, and thus, the internal margin of…

Fig. 10.1 Positioning and instruments used in robot-assisted total mesorectal excision. The patient is placed in a modified lithotomy position using a levitator with both arms fixed to the body…

Fig. 6.1 Positions of the cannulae and the surgical team. The camera port is at the umbilicus. Two ports on the right side are for a surgeon, and two ports…

Fig. 1.1 Primitive gastrointestinal tract and the various derivatives in the early weeks of embryo development. The liver is omitted in this and the following figures. CA celiac artery, CBD…

Fig. 8.1 The general scheme of surgical procedures for laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with mucosal resection. Maneuvers of mobilization and division are performed in order of indicated numbers Fig. 8.2 The…

Fig. 3.1 Position of the equipment and the surgical team for the laparoscopic right-sided colectomy. The second assistant (camera operator) stands between the patient’s legs or on the left side…

Fig. 4.1 Port placement and operating room setup for the laparoscopic transverse colectomy 4.3 Surgical Procedures After the omentum and transverse colon are moved toward the upper abdomen, tenting the…

Fig. 2.1 Comparison between laparoscopic and open surgery (colon) About rectal cancer, there are not so many clinical trials reported [42]. In CLASICC trial for colon and rectal cancer [39],…