CT Enterography in Crohn’s Disease
Fig. 4.1 CT enterography performed in a patient with multifocal Crohn’s ileitis. Images reveal a penetrating ulcer (arrow) and a complex enteroenteric fistula (arrow head) Technique CTE is the culmination…
The Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases over the Past 100 Years: A Brief Review
Components of the Mayo score Component Description Score Stool frequency Normal 0 1–2 stools/day more than normal 1 3–4 stools/day more than normal 2 >4 stools/day more than normal 3…
Anatomy of the Lacrimal Drainage System
Fig. 1.1 Structure of the nasolacrimal drainage system Secretory system (main and minor lacrimal glands, eyelids) that forms the tear film and hand it out on the ocular surface Excretory…
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy
Fig. 6.1 Operating theater 6.5.3 Infiltration Before making the mucoperiosteal flaps to discover the lacrimal bone, a submucosal infiltration with adrenaline solution is made, in order to reduce bleeding. The…
Imaging of the Lacrimal Drainage System and Interventional Radiology
Fig. 4.1 CT scan, native axial, and volume rendering (VR) reconstruction. On axial plane, the lacrimal sac is a rounded structure enclosed between the anterior and posterior lacrimal crest (arrows)….
Dacryocystorhinostomy in Revision Surgery
1. Endoscopic vision of a small scar tissue area where the previous DCR was performed 2. The incision through Tullio laser on the anterior portion of the head of the…
Lacrimal Probe, Stent, and Incannulation
Fig. 9.1 The Crawford set 9.2.1.1 Stenting Placement Each punctum should be dilated. The lacrimal system is probed to open any blockages by using a standard lacrimal probe such as…
Physiology of the Lacrimal Drainage System
Fig. 2.1 (a) (Anatomie des parties de la generation de l’homme et de la femme Gauthier D’agoty Paris 1773 National library of Medicine, Jacques Fabien. Exposition anatomique des organes des…
Complications of Endoscopic DCR
Agent Days preoperatively Dabigatran, rivaroxaban 1–2a NSAIDs 1–3 Aspirin 4–7 Warfarin 5 Clopidogrel 5–7 Modified from Andrew and Selva [11] NSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug aProvided that glomerular filtration rate >60…
Pediatric Pathologies and Indication for Surgery
Fig. 7.1 Epiphora in infant If tearing is intermittent, and none of the above signs are present at the time of examination, the fluorescein dye disappearance (Fig. 7.2) test can…
