Fig. 8.1 Clinical usage of magnetic resonance imaging. DCE dynamic contrast-enhanced; ASL arterial spin labeling; DWI diffusion-weighted imaging; DTI diffusion tensor imaging; BOLD blood oxygen level-dependent; MRE magnetic resonance elastography;…
Potential advantages • Improved graft survival for high-risk patients • Onset of first rejection is delayed • Period of delayed graft function may be foreshortened • May allow for less aggressive maintenance regimen Potential…
Steps in calculation Example of calculation or formula Calculate the urea clearance for a 24-h period Urea clearance = Uurea/Purea ∗ urine volume/1440 = Urea mL/min Determine urea clearance in liters, which is equivalent…
Pharmacokinetic process Changes in hemodialysis Absorption Increased absorption mediated by: • Paracellular leakage • Decreased efflux transporter activity • Decreased P450 activity Distribution Increased free drug concentration mediated by: • Decreased albumin concentration • Uremic…
Fig. 6.1 Prevalence of chronic kidney disease by age group in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 1988–1994 and 1999–2004. (Reproduced with permission from Coresh et al….
!DOCTYPE html> © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020J. Yang, W. He (eds.)Chronic Kidney Diseasehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9131-7_14 14. Nutritional Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Li Fang1 (1) Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong,…
Uremic toxins Effects on immune cells Low molecular weight (LMW) toxins Phenylacetic acid (PAA) Macrophages: inducible nitric oxide synthase PMNLs: oxidative burst, phagocytosis, increased integrin expression, and decreased apoptosis Dinucleoside…
Domains Tests Global cognition Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) The Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) The Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) cognitive function subscale (KDOQL-SF) Mini-cog Memory…
!DOCTYPE html> © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020J. Yang, W. He (eds.)Chronic Kidney Diseasehttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9131-7_11 11. Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Mingxia Xiong1 (1) Centre for Kidney…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic presentation for cellular events involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease 2.2 Glomerulosclerosis Each normal glomerulus is a tuft of small blood vessels called capillaries situated…
