Fig. 21.1 The balance and rebalance of hemostasis in cirrhosis. Patients without liver disease maintain a balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins. Patients with cirrhosis have decreased levels of both…
Organ or tissue Clinical syndrome or problem Role of cardiac dysfunction or problem Comments Reference (first author, year) Heart, endocardium Infective endocarditis Increased prevalence 0.34 vs. 0.1 % of noncirrhotics…
Fig. 16.1 Time course of various forms of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) depending on clinical detectability. Episodic HE in the blue lines is undetectable clinically between episodes while covert HE (black…
Fig. 9.1 a Small esophageal varices (arrows). b Large esophageal varices Screening Screening EGD should be performed at different intervals according cirrhosis status (compensated vs. decompensated) and on previous size…
Fig. 6.1 Computerized tomography of the abdomen. This is an example of a cirrhotic appearing liver with ascites and splenomegaly by computed tomography Morphological changes of cirrhosis are dependent on…
Portal hypertensive Malignant Systemic Ascites Hepatocellular carcinoma Sarcopenia Varices – Cachexia Hepatorenal syndrome – Fatigue Hepatic hydrothorax – Psychological distress Portopulmonary hypertension – – Hepatopumonary syndrome – – Hepatic encephalopathy…
Fig. 1.1 Different patterns of etiology-driven fibrosis. a Postnecrotic fibrosis . Low magnification picture of a section of liver from a patient with chronic HBV infection (chromotrope aniline blue stain)….
Cirrhosis complication Biomarker Potential clinical applicability Reference Portal hypertension FibroTestTM Correlates with HVPG degree [12] – Hyaluronic acid Predicts risk of variceal bleeding [13] – Von Willebrand factor Correlates with…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic diagram of the stages of cirrhosis. The compensated patient has no ascites, variceal hemorrhage, encephalopathy or jaundice. The main stratifying factors are the presence or absence gastroesophageal…
Endoscopic clipping devices QuickClip2™, Olympus America Resolution® Clip, Boston Scientific TriClip, Cook Medical Endoscopic suturing devices EndoCinch™, BARD StomaphyX®, EndoGastric Solutions The Eagle Claw, Olympus T-tags, Ethicon Endo-Surgery Purse string-suturing…
