Disorders of Potassium: Hypokalemia
Cause Mechanism 1. Dietary Low K+ diet Combination of low dietary K+ and its obligatory loss in urine Eating disorders Low oral intake and total body K+ depletion High carbohydrate…
Intravenous Fluids: Composition and Indications
Crystalloids Colloids Dextrose in water (D5W) (2.5 %, 5 %, 10 %) Albumin (5 %, 25 %) Sodium chloride (NaCl) (0.225 %, 0.33 %, 0.45 %, 0.9 %, 3 %, 5 %, 7.5 %) Starches (Hetastarch 5 %, Pentastarch 10 %) Ringer’s lactate Dextrans…
Disorders of ECF Volume: Nephrotic Syndrome
Fig. 9.1 Mechanisms of renal Na+ and water retention and edema formation in nephrotic syndrome Experimental evidence also suggests that Na+ and water retention occur in the kidney due to…
Disorders of ECF Volume: Cirrhosis of the Liver
Fig. 8.1 Mechanisms of renal Na+ and water retention and edema formation in cirrhosis. EABV effective arterial blood volume, ADH antidiuretic hormone, ANP atrial natriuretic peptide, AII angiotensin II Clinical…
Disorders of ECF Volume: Congestive Heart Failure
Fig. 7.1 Mechanisms of renal Na+ and water retention and edema formation in CHF Clinical Evaluation A brief discussion of clinical evaluation of CHF is presented here. The most common…
Types of Closure
Fig. 4.1 Barker Vac Pack Scissors are used to create fenestrations in the 10 × 10 drape to allow for outward egress of fluids. The Steri-Drape is then placed circumferentially under the…
Endoscopic Component Separation for Ventral Hernia Repair
Fig. 7.1 Abdominal wall musculature. The abdominal wall comprises four major muscle groups: rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles Fig. 7.2 Cross-sectional view of the abdominal…
The Biologics Explosion Era
Product Source Cross-linked Sterilization method Alloderm (Lifecell, Branchburg, NJ) Human dermis No Ionic Allomax (Davol, Warwick, RI) Human dermis No E beam Flex HD (Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ) Human dermis No…
Considerations in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Type Porous structure Examples Type I Macroporous (> 75 µ) Marlexa, Proleneb Trelexc Type II Microporous (< 10 µ in at least one direction) ePTFE, Dual-Meshd Type III Macro and microporous PTFEd, Mersileneb Surgiproe…
