Fig. 20.1 Interaction of the sympathetic nervous system, kidney and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway In heart failure, sympathetic stimulation leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with increased sodium…
Catheter name Electrode size Ablation time Catheter configuration Guiding catheter F size compatible Arch™ and $$$; Single (2 mm) 2 min/site Non-steerable 8F Flex™ and $$$; Single (2 mm) 2…
Fig. 21.1 Top: The normal distribution of blood pressures from repeated blood pressure measurements in a hypothetical patient presenting to the clinic with a ‘true’ mean blood pressure of 150…
Fig. 14.1 Chemical structure of vincristine Peripheral neuropathy can be defined as a derangement in structure and function of peripheral motor, sensory, and autonomic neurons causing peripheral neuropathic symptoms and…
Fig. 24.1 Median systolic and diastolic BP changes after renal sympathetic denervation procedure at 3 and at 6 months of follow-up. Error bars represent interquartile range Decreases in AHI at…
Fig. 1.1 Interaction between the brain and the kidney with the effect of increasing sympathetic nerve activities. Sympathetic activation is generated in the kidney, where it reaches the heart, the…
Fig. 8.1 (a) First generation ablation system. Generator and 8 F ablation catheter. (b) Second generation generator with a touch screen The second generation generator is slimmer and has updated…
Fig. 18.1 Thrombus formation after renal nerve ablation. Significant intraluminal thrombus formation after renal nerve denervation are unapparent by angiography (a, d), however displayed in different OCT cross-sections (b, c,…
Fig. 11.1 The OneShot irrigated RF renal sympathetic denervation system In (a) is depicted the OneShot balloon with the spiral electrode indicated by the asterisks. The black arrows indicate the…
Fig. 4.1 Integration of afferent input and differential efferent sympathetic nerve output In animals SNA can be assessed by using electrodes to measure nerve firing or by examining the physiological…
