Fig. 25.1 Conceptual model of variables influencing quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease (reprinted from ref. [16] with permission from John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) While most studies of…
Stool frequency a 0: Normal 1: Number of stools for this patient 1–2 stools more than normal 2: 3–4 stools more than normal 3: 5 or more stools more than…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Daniel C. Baumgart (ed.)Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_21 21. Laboratory Evaluation, Including Novel Diagnostic Markers M. Flamant1 and X. Roblin2 (1) Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hotel Dieu, CHU…
Fig. 16.1 Overview of Intestinal Organoid systems . Intestinal organoids can be derived by a variety of methods. Intestinal crypts and LGR5-expressing stem cells can be isolated from IBD patient…
Fig. 14.1 Differentiation of helper CD4+ T cells. When antigens specific for their own TCR are presented to naïve T cells by APC through MHC class-II/TCR signal with co-stimulatory signals,…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Daniel C. Baumgart (ed.)Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_12 12. Autophagy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Arthur Kaser1 (1) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge,…
Fig. 11.1 Epithelial cells and the coordination of immune homeostasis: (1) IFN-gamma released by T-cells can increase tight junction permeability and induce apical expression of ICAM-1. Together this allows migration…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Daniel C. Baumgart (ed.)Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis10.1007/978-3-319-33703-6_10 10. Immune Cells: Monocytes and Macrophages Gerhard Rogler1 (1) Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland…
Fig. 9.1 Functional diversity of B cells in IBD: Immunoglobulins (Igs) produced by B cells may have both deleterious and protective roles in IBD. Binding of autoantibodies to colonic tissues…
Fig. 8.1 Regulatory and Effector T cell populations controlling IBD. Various effector T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th9) are depicted and their cytokine secretion patterns as well as potential…
