Splenogonadal Fusion
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 28.1 Introduction Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital malformation that results from an abnormal fusion between the primitive spleen and gonad….
Pediatric Urolithiasis
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 9.1 Introduction Urolithiasis (from Greek oûron, “urine”, + lithos, “stone”, + -iasis) are calculi formed or located anywhere in the urinary…
Urinary Tract Infection in Infants and Children
(1) Pediatric Surgery, AlSadik Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia 12.1 Introduction Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common infections in infants and children. The occurrences of symptomatic…
Current Concepts in Pelvic Anatomy
Fig. 1.1 Borders of the pelvic brim (Reproduced from: www.teachmeanatomy.com; with permission) Fig. 1.2 Pelvic outlet borders (Reproduced from: www.teachmeanatomy.com; with permission) The pelvic outlet is diamond shaped with the…
Evaluation of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Symptoms Feeling of heaviness/descent Bulge Pain Dyspareunia Urinary incontinence Anal/fecal incontinence Need to replace bulge to void/pass stool Aspects of quality of life Household work Professional work Leisure Sexual activity…
Conservative Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Fig. 13.1 Ring pessary Fig. 13.2 Space-filling Shelf and Gellhorn pessaries Fig. 13.3 Cube pessary The selection of a pessary depends on several factors. Efficacy is paramount, but most try…
Urodynamics: The Practical Aspects
Fig. 5.1 A frequency-volume chart, with the amount of fluid intake and volume of urine emptied. “x” denotes the leak episodes Equipment The test needs to be scheduled in a…
Fecal Incontinence
Advancing age Diabetes Obesity Neurological disorders Female gender Urinary incontinence Caucasian race Chronic diarrhea Multiple vaginal births Constipation Sphincter tear with delivery Pelvic organ prolapse Surgical procedures (colectomy, sphincterotomy) Gastrointestinal…
Voiding Dysfunction
History Urinary tract: details of storage and voiding symptoms, urinary infections Gastrointestinal tract: any constipation or encopresis Neurological evaluation: neurological screening, lower limb and higher function assessment Gynecological evaluation: assess…
Physiology of Urinary Continence
Fig. 3.1 Spinal cord neurons. The afferent and efferent neurons of the spinal cord and relation with interneurons Specific areas in the brain which are involved in control of micturition…
