Fig. 12.1 Molecular pathways of colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis. CIN and hereditary MSI pathways are genomic instability pathways and CIMP is an epigenomic instability pathway. CIMP CpG island methylation phenotype,…
Adult or pediatric colonoscope with monitor (CO2 insufflation if available) Methylene blue diluted with albumin Endoscopic injector needle Endoscopic snare Endoscopic Roth net (US Endoscopy, Mentor, OH) Suction trap Bovie…
Indications for colorectal ESD 1. Large (>20 mm in diameter) lesions amenable to endoscopic submucosal resection and in which en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection is difficult Laterally spreading tumor-nongranular: particularly…
Fig. 11.1 (a) This is a schematic 3-dimensional map generated from a CT colonography in a patient with a difficult colonoscopy. Notice the acute angulation in the pelvic colon and…
Fig. 22.1 Patient positioning for TES and operative setup. Patients are most commonly placed in high lithotomy position (a). The TEO platform is inserted and secured to the operating table…
NICE criterion Type 1 Type 2 Color Same or lighter than background Browner relative to background Vessels None or Isolated lacy vessels Brown vessels surrounding white structures Surface pattern Dark…
Fig. 20.1 Endoscopic clipping of polypectomy site. (a) Large polyp, subsequently removed with snare polypectomy. (b) Polyp site after endoscopic clip placement. With permission from the personal library of Manoj…
Indications for EMR in the colon and rectum Nonpolypoid colorectal neoplasms Lesions greater than 20 mm Difficult locations Dentate line Ileocecal valve Appendiceal orifice Folds Lesions over scars Lesions in…
Fig. 17.1 Typical setup of colonoscopy tower with CO2 insufflator Fig. 17.2 Sample operating room setup As reviewed earlier, a critical component for intraoperative endoscopy is the ability to use…
Fig. 1.1 Bozzini’s original Lichtleiter . Courtesy of Archives of the American College of Surgeons, “The Bozzini Endoscope,” Online April 6, 2011 Dr. Bozzini first introduced his creation to the…
