Physiology of the Rectum and Anus
Fig. 6.1 Pelvic view of the levator ani demonstrating its three main components: puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus. Reprinted with permission from (Canda et al. 2010) Fig. 6.2 Diagram of a coronal…
Instruments for the In-Office Diagnosis
Fig. 14.1 Examination table configurations for examination positions. (a) Prone jackknife position. (b) Lithoomy position. (c) Left lateral (Sims’ position) 3 Patient Positions 3.1 Prone Jack-Knife Position The prone jackknife…
Electrophysiological Study of the Pelvic Floor
Fig. 20.1 Anal sphincter electromyography. Individual motor unit action potentials can no longer be seen at higher levels of muscle activation. (a) Normal (full) interference pattern; (b) reduced (neuropathic) interference…
Colonic and Rectal Endosonography
Tumor stage/location Treatment option Polyploid T1m cancer Snare polypectomy Sessile T1m cancer EMR or ESD TAEX T1sm ESD or TAEX T2, no LAR T2, no/low RT-capecitabine followed by LAR T2,…
Surgical Anatomy of the Colon, Rectum, and Anus
Fig. 2.1 During the sixth week in utero the midgut herniates out of the abdominal wall and rotates 90° counterclockwise. By the tenth week the midgut rotates an additional 180°…
Diagnostic Algorithm for Constipation and Obstructed Defecation
Antidiarrheal agents Antiparkinson drugs Antiepileptics Antispasmodics Antihistamines Calcium channel blockers Antidepressants Diuretics Antipsychotics Sympathomimetics Antiacids with aluminum or calcium NSAIDs Table 24.2 Condition associated to constipation (Diamant et al. 1999)…
Physiology of the Colon
Fig. 5.1 (a, b) Representative manometric tracings of colonic segmental contractions. The arrows show the presence of regular (about 3 cycles per minute) contractile activity in the sigmoid colon (a)…
Factors Affecting the Intestinal Physiology
Analgesics Bile acid sequestrants Antacids (aluminum, calcium) Calcium-channel blockers Antiarrhythmics Chemotherapy agents Anticholinergic agents Diuretics (potassium wasting) Anticonvulsants Iron supplements Antihistamines Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents Antihypertensives Opioids Anti-Parkinson Agents Tricyclic antidepressants…
Specifics and Pitfalls in Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease Sign or symptom Rectal bleeding Very common (90 %) Uncommon (occult, 50 %) Diarrhea Early; frequent, small stools Less distressing Abdominal pain Predefecation urgency Colicky,…
Anorectal Manometry
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Carlo Ratto, Angelo Parello, Lorenza Donisi and Francesco Litta (eds.)Colon, Rectum and Anus: Anatomic, Physiologic and Diagnostic Bases for Disease ManagementColoproctology110.1007/978-3-319-09807-4_23 19. Anorectal Manometry Filippo Pucciani1 (1) Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine,…
